Ironic Symbolism in The Lottery Essay Example

Unexpected Symbolism in The Lottery Paper All through the tale of The Lottery, imageries are clear. Shirley Jackson lays the right foundation of the story as splendid and gloriously delightful to start with, however as the story proceeds with that scene is wrecked and supplanted by what some would consider very upsetting. The Lottery takes the street less made a trip in course to its upsetting nature. Imageries gave by Shirley Jackson furnish her crowd with the information to comprehend the unexpected disorder flourish. Three imageries stand pervasive over all other in, The Lottery; the three-legged stool, the black box, and the lottery itself. The three-legged stool that is referenced in Shirley’s story happens to show significant imagery for her story. The three legs of the stool apparently speak to the Holy Trinity (God the Father, God the Son, and the Holy Spirt). As a portrayal of life, absolution, and expectation the stool (Holy Trinity) is utilized to help the black box when an irregular drawing was in process. The Stool’s work of supporting the black box in The Lottery speaks to the manipulative association of individuals in religion to help aggregate savagery. There additionally lies incongruity in the imagery. Ironicly the stool speaks to the Holy Trinity but it underpins the discovery which represents demise, fiendishness, dread, and puzzle. The position of the stool as the focal point of the square room features the secret of the case and furthermore the imagery of the three-legged stool. We will compose a custom paper test on Ironic Symbolism in The Lottery explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Ironic Symbolism in The Lottery explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Ironic Symbolism in The Lottery explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The black box that sets on the three-legged stool has two significant emblematic characteristics being its shape (box) and its shading (dark). Dark, the shade of the container speaks to death, wickedness, dread, and puzzle. The arbitrary drawing from the discovery builds dread and puzzle in the individuals envisioning the drawing. Underhanded before long results to transform individuals who once had high ethics into biased people. Also, the irregular drawing determination process is topped off by death whom introduces itself through a careful stoning of the â€Å"lu

Lionel Richie and Heart Essay

Lionel Richie and Heart Essay Lionel Richie and Heart Essay A Letter To John Dear John, Oh how I have cried, recollecting the awesome occasions he have had together, how we had as long as we can remember arranged together and now we are a great many miles separated. You being over yonder, god possibly knows when I will see you once more, and I am here with our seven kids, carrying out your responsibility and my own. Circumstances are difficult for me since you are no more. The children absolutely attempt to make it simpler for me however. They alternate taking care of the infants when I am at the production line, and clean the house as well. They have developed such a great amount since you have gone. Now and then I feel like they are altogether grown up and prepared to move out. I genuinely can't stand by to see you once more. It is so difficult to be away from you for such a long time, considering we have not been isolated since we met. At the point when I get furious, I feel as though my heart may bust through my chest on the off chance that it endures any thing else of this agony. I guess time do cause the heart to become fonder. I miss you beyond a reasonable doubt my adoration. I consider you frequently, pondering how awesome it will be the point at which you return home. I likewise consider how I will hold you in my arms until it is the ideal opportunity for you to go once more. The musings of this, really makes me extremely upset. To realize that you are mine however I can't keep you here with me regardless of what I do, makes me crazy. You just decisions right presently are war or prison. That as I would see it isn't right. We as a family ought to have a decision whether you need to do battle. I am scared to consider what you are doing and looking over yonder consistently, I realize that it isn't all they said it would be over yonder. You have been gone a half year now and I haven’t heard a

Fresh Ink April 1, 2014

Fresh Ink April 1, 2014 HARDCOVER RELEASES Dear Killer by Katherine Ewell (Katherine Tegen Books)   Rule One:  Nothing is right, nothing is wrong. Kit takes her role as London’s notorious “Perfect Killer” seriously. The letters and cash that come to her via a secret mailbox are not a game; choosing who to kill is not an impulse decision. Every letter she receives begins with “Dear Killer,” and every time Kit murders, she leaves a letter with the dead body. Her moral nihilism and thus her murders are a way of lifeâ€"the only way of life she has ever known. But when a letter appears in the mailbox that will have the power to topple Kit’s convictions as perfectly as she commits her murders, she must make a decision: follow the only rules she has ever known, or challenge Rule One and go from there. Katherine Ewell’s  Dear Killer  is a sinister psychological  story that explores the thin line between good and evil, and the messiness of that inevitable moment when life contradicts everything you believe. No Book But the World by Leah Hager (Riverhead)   At the edge of a woods, on the grounds of a defunct “free school,” Ava and her brother, Fred, shared a dreamy and seemingly idyllic childhoodâ€"a world defined largely by their imaginations and each other’s presence. Everyone is aware of Fred’s oddness or vague impairment, but his parents’ fierce disapproval of labels keeps him free of evaluation or intervention, and constantly at Ava’s side. Decades later, then, when Ava learns that her brother is being held in a county jail for a shocking crime, she is frantic to piece together what actually happened. A boy is dead. But could Fred really have done what he is accused of? As she is drawn deeper into the details of the crime, Ava becomes obsessed with learning the truth, convinced that she and she alone will be able to reach her brother and explain himâ€"and his innocenceâ€"to the world. Dorothy Must Die by Danielle Paige (HarperCollins) Somewhere over the rainbow…something has gone terribly wrong. A twister has hit Kansas again, and this time it whisks away a girl named Amy Gumm. At first, Amy is thrilled to have left her trailer park life behind. But instead of the magical land where troubles melt like lemon drops that she knows  from the  books and the  movies, she discovers the place has been destroyed. And it’s all Dorothy’s fault. Amy soon joins up with the Revolutionary Order of the Wickedâ€"a group of deposed witches and warlocks who are determined to end Dorothy’s oppressive reign, and who need Amys help. They teach her the secrets of witchcraft and combat and then they give her an impossible mission: steal back the Tin Woodman’s heart, the Scarecrow’s brain, and the Lion’s courage. And when she’s done, Dorothy must die. The Revolutions by Felix Gilman (Tor Books)   In 1893, young journalist Arthur Shaw is at work in the British Museum Reading Room when the Great Storm hits London, wreaking unprecedented damage. In its aftermath, Arthur’s newspaper closes, owing him money, and all his debts come due at once. His fiancé Josephine takes a job as a stenographer for some of the fashionable spiritualist and occult societies of fin de siècle London society. At one of her meetings, Arthur is given a job lead for what seems to be accounting work, but at a salary many times what any clerk could expect. The work is long and peculiar, as the workers spend all day performing unnerving calculations that make them hallucinate or even go mad, but the money is compelling. Things are beginning to look up when the perils of dabbling in the esoteric suddenly come to a head: A war breaks out between competing magical societies. Josephine joins one of them for a hazardous occult explorationâ€"an experiment which threatens to leave her stranded at the outer limits of consciousness, among the celestial spheres. Arthur won’t give up his great love so easily, and hunts for a way to save her, as Josephine fights for survivalsomewhere in the vicinity of Mars. Worst. Person. Ever. by Douglas Coupland (Blue Rider Press)   Worst. Person. Ever.  is a deeply unworthy book about a dreadful human being with absolutely no redeeming social value. Raymond Gunt, in the words of the author, “is a living, walking, talking, hot steaming pile of pure id.” He’s a B-unit cameraman who enters an amusing downward failure spiral that takes him from London to Los Angeles and then on to an obscure island in the Pacific, where a major American TV network is shooting a  Survivor-style reality show. Along the way, Gunt suffers multiple comas and unjust imprisonment, is forced to reenact the “Angry Dance” from the movie  Billy Elliot, and finds himself at the center of a nuclear war. We also meet Raymond’s upwardly failing sidekick, Neal, as well as Raymond’s ex-wife, Fiona, herself “an atomic bomb of pain.”  Even though he really puts the “anti” in antihero, you may find Raymond Gunt an oddly likable character. The Secret Life of William Shakespeare by Jude Morgan (St. Martins Press)   There are so few established facts about how the son of a glove maker from Warwickshire became one of the greatest writers of all time that some people doubt he could really have written so many astonishing plays. We know that he married Anne Hathaway, who was pregnant and six years older than he, at the age of eighteen, and that one of their children died of the plague. We know that he left Stratford to seek his fortune in London, and eventually succeeded. He was clearly an unwilling craftsman, ambitious actor, resentful son, almost good-enough husband. But when and how did he also become a genius? The Secret Life of William Shakespeare  pulls back the curtain to imagine what it might have really been like to be Shakespeare before a seemingly ordinary man became a legend. The Ring and the Crown by Melissa de la Cruz (Disney-Hyperion)   Once they were inseparable, just two little girls playing games in a formidable castle. Now Princess Marie-Victoria, heir to the mightiest empire in the world, and Aelwyn Myrddyn, a bastard mage, face vastly different futures.  Quiet and gentle, Marie has never lived up to the ambitions of her mother, Queen Eleanor the Second. With the help of her Merlin, Eleanor has maintained a stranglehold on the world’s only source of magic. While the enchanters faithfully serve the crown, the sun will never set on the Franco-British Empire. As the annual London Season begins, the great and noble families across the globe flaunt their wealth and magic at parties, teas, and, of course, the lavish  Bal du Drap dOr, the Ball of the Gold Cloth.  But the talk of the season is Ronan Astor, a social-climbing American with only her dazzling beauty to recommend her. Ronan is determined to make a good match to save her familys position. But when she falls for a handsome rogue on the voyage over, her lofty plans are imperiled by her desires. Meanwhile, Isabelle of Orleans, daughter of the displaced French royal family, finds herself cast aside by Leopold, heir to the Prussian crown, in favor of a political marriage to Marie-Victoria. Isabelle arrives in the city bent on reclaiming what is hers. But Marie doesn’t even want Leopoldâ€"she has lost her heart to a boy the future queen would never be allowed to marry.  When Marie comes to Aelwyn, desperate to escape a life without love, the girls form a perilous plan that endangers not only the entire kingdom but the fate of the monarchy. The Remedy by Thomas Goetz  (Gotham) In 1875, tuberculosis was the deadliest disease in the world, accountable for a third of all deaths. A diagnosis of TBâ€"often called consumptionâ€"was a death sentence. Then, in a triumph of medical science, a German doctor named Robert Koch deployed an unprecedented scientific rigor to discover the bacteria that caused TB and soon embarked on a remedyâ€"a remedy that would be his undoing. When Koch announced he’d found a cure, Arthur Conan Doyle, then a small-town doctor in England and sometime writer, went to Berlin to cover the event. Touring the ward of reportedly cured patients, he was horrified. Koch’s remedy was either sloppy science or outright fraud. But to those desperate for relief, Koch’s cure was worth the risk. As Europe’s consumptives descended upon Berlin, Conan Doyle returned to England to become a writer, not a scientist. But he brought Koch’s scientific methods to the masses through the character of Sherlock Holmes. Capturing the moment when mystery and magic began to yield to science,  The Remedy  chronicles the stunning story of how the germ theory of disease became fact, how two men of ambition were emboldened to reach for something more, and how scientific discoveries evolve into social truths. PAPERBACK RELEASES The Empathy Exams by Leslie Jameson (Graywolf Press)   Beginning with her experience as a medical actor who was paid to act out symptoms for medical students to diagnose, Leslie Jamison’s visceral and revealing essays ask essential questions about our basic understanding of others: How should we care about each other? How can we feel another’s pain, especially when pain can be assumed, distorted, or performed? Is empathy a tool by which to test or even grade each other? By confronting painâ€"real and imagined, her own and others’â€"Jamison uncovers a personal and cultural urgency to feel. She draws from her own experiences of illness and bodily injury to engage in an exploration that extends far beyond her life, spanning wide-ranging territoryâ€"from poverty tourism to phantom diseases, street violence to reality television, illness to incarcerationâ€"in its search for a kind of sight shaped by humility and grace. The Bird Eater by Ania Ahlborn (47North)   Twenty years ago, the mysterious death of his aunt left Aaron Holbrook orphaned and alone. He abandoned his rural Arkansas hometown vowing never to return, until his seven-year-old son died in an accident, plunging Aaron into a nightmare of addiction and grief. Desperate to reclaim a piece of himself, he returns to the hills of his childhood, to Holbrook House, where he hopes to find peace among the memories of his youth. But solace doesnt come easy. Someone-or something-has other plans. Like Aaron, Holbrook House is but a shell of what it once was, a target for vandals and ghost hunters who have nicknamed it the devils den. Aaron doesnt believe in the paranormal-at least, not until a strange boy begins following him wherever he goes. Plagued by violent dreams and disturbing visions, Aaron begins to wonder if hes losing his mind. But a festering darkness lurks at the heart of Holbrook House… a darkness that grins from within the shadows, delighting in Aarons sorrow, biding its time . Lexicon by Max Barry (Penguin Books)   At an exclusive training school at an undisclosed location outside Washington, D.C., students are taught to control minds, to wield words as weapons. The very best graduate as “poets” and enter a nameless organization of unknown purpose. Recruited off the street, whip-smart Emily Ruff quickly learns the one key rule: never allow another person to truly know you. Emily becomes the school’s most talented prodigy, until she makes the catastrophic mistake of falling in love. Odds Against Tomorrow by Nathaniel Rich (Picador)   New York City, the near future: Mitchell Zukor works on the cutting edge of corporate irresponsibility, and business is booming. A brilliant mathematician, he spends his days calculating worst-case scenarios for FutureWorld, a consulting firm that indemnifies corporations against potential disasters. As Mitchell immerses himself in the calculus of catastrophe, he exchanges letters with Elsa Bruner-a college crush with her own apocalyptic secret-and becomes obsessed by a cultures fears. When Mitchells darkest predictions come true and an actual worst-case scenario engulfs Manhattan, he realizes that he is uniquely prepared to profit. But what will it cost him? Reboot by Amy Tintera (HarperTeen)   Wren Connolly died when she was twelve years old. She woke up 178 minutes later as a Reboot. The longer a Reboot is dead, the stronger and less human she becomes when she returnsâ€"making Wren 178 the perfect weapon. Callum 22, on the other hand, is practically still human. He’s the worst trainee Wren has ever had, yet there is something about him that makes her feel alive. When Callum refuses to follow a direct order, Wren is commanded to eliminate him. She has never disobeyed before, but now she’ll do whatever it takes to save Callum’s life. Stokers Manuscript by Royce Prouty (Berkley Trade)   Joseph Barkeley has a gift. Without the aid of chemical testing, he can accurately determine the authenticity and age of any document, seeing details within the fibers the way a composer picks out the individual notes of a symphony. But rarely does Joseph get a job this delicate and well-paying. A mystery buyer has hired him to authenticate the original draft of Bram Stoker’s  Dracula. When he travels to Transylvania to personally deliver the manuscript to the legendary Bran Castle, Barkeley, a Romanian orphan himself, soon realizes that his employer is the son of the infamous Vlad Dracula. Imprisoned in the castle and forced to serve “the Master,” Barkeley must quickly decipher cryptic messages hidden within Stoker’s masterpiece to find the Master’s long-lost brideâ€"or risk wearing out his welcome. But as he delves into the history of Dracula and his own lineage, Barkeley discovers that his selection for this job was based on more than his talent with rare books. Now, he has a perilous decision to makeâ€"save his life with a coward’s flight, or wage a deadly battle with an ancient foe. The Other Typist by Suzanne Rindell (Berkley Trade)   onfessions are Rose Baker’s job. A typist for the New York City Police Department, she sits in judgment like a high priestess. Criminals come before her to admit their transgressions, and, with a few strokes of the keys before her, she seals their fate. But while she may hear about shootings, knifings, and crimes of passion, as soon as she leaves the room, she reverts to a dignified and proper lady. Until Odalie joins the typing pool. As Rose quickly falls under the stylish, coquettish Odalie’s spell, she is lured into a sparkling underworld of speakeasies and jazz. And what starts as simple fascination turns into an obsession from which she may never recover. The Cemetery of Swallows by Mallock (Europa Editions)   One day, Manuel Gemoni travels to the other end of the world to kill an old man in the Dominican Republic. When questioned by police, Manuel can only explain his bizarre actions by saying, “I killed him because he had killed me.” Unable to comprehend why an ordinary family man with no history of violent behavior would go to such lengths to kill a man he didn’t even know, Police Commissioner Amédée Mallock decides to investigate. In order to save Manuel from death, the misanthropic Mallock must immerse himself in the harsh tropical jungles of the Dominican Republic and the snow-covered streets of Paris. The Shelter Cycle by Peter Rock (Mariner Books)   Francine and Colville were childhood friends raised in the Church Universal and Triumphant, a religion that predicted the world could end in the late 1980s. While their parents built underground shelters to withstand the impending Soviet missile strike, Francine and Colville played in the Montana wilderness, where invisible spirits watched over them. When the prophesied apocalypse did not occur, the sects members resurfaced and the children were forced to grow up in a world they believed might no longer exist. Twenty years later, Francine and Colville are reunited while searching for an abducted girl. Haunted by memories and inculcated beliefs, they must confront the Churchs teachings. If all the things they were raised to believe were misguided, why then do they suddenly feel so true? What the Family Needed by Steve Amsterdam (Riverhead Trade)   “Okay, tell me which you want,” Alek asks his cousin at the outset of  What the Family Needed. “To be able to fly or to be invisible.” And soon Giordana, a teenager suffering the bitter fallout of her parents’ divorce, finds that she can, at will, become as invisible as she feels. Later, Alek’s mother, newly adrift in the disturbing awareness that all is not well with her younger son, can suddenly swim with Olympic endurance. Over three decades, in fact, each member of this gorgeously imagined extended family discovers, at a moment of crisis, that he or she possesses a supernatural power. But instead of crimes to fight and villains to vanquish, they confront inner demons, and their extraordinary abilities prove not to be magic weapons so much as expressions of their fears and longings as they struggle to come to terms with who they are and what fate deals them. As the years pass, their lives intersect and overlap in surprising and poignant ways, and they discover that the real magic lies not in their superpowers but in the very human and miraculous way they are able to accept, protect, and love one another.

A National Security Threat Cybercrime - 1989 Words

A NATIONAL SECURITY THREAT: CYBERCRIME Monika Sharma1 and Michael Losavio2 1Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 2Department of Justice Administration, Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY. m0shar17@louisville.edu, Michael.Losavio@louisville.edu ABSTRACT Cyberspace which is an offshoot of the development of computer and digital communication technologies, has in recent decades become part and parcel of our daily lives. It has become an ideal space for cyber criminals to remain anonymous while preying on victims. As the number of cyberspace users increase, so do the new opportunities for exploitation and the need of protecting computers, networks, digital applications and data from unintended or unauthorized access, change or destruction. This paper proposes a policy directed examination on cyberspace crime and its impact on national security. It includes a profile of cooperation among criminals, organized crime and hostile organizations and discusses the growth of black market in IT services. In recent years, â€Å"Information warfare† a new form of terrorism has captured the attention of information security specialists; terrorists might tamper with computers to commit information based threats to nations, to businesses and to individuals. INTRODUCTION In a world where information and communications technology (ICT) that provides the means soShow MoreRelatedCyber Threat, Its Scope And Its Impact On National Security991 Words   |  4 Pagesa policy directed examination on cyber threat, its scope and its impact on national security. It includes a profile of cooperation among criminals, terrorists and hostile organizations and discusses future of cybercrime in 2020. In recent years, â€Å"Information warfare† a new way of terrorism has become the major concern for information security specialists; terrorists might tamper with computers and electronic devices to commit secured information based threats to nations, to businesses and to individualsRead MoreThe Internet And Its Effects On The Environment1538 Words   |  7 Pagesof the nature of threats from physical to virtual dimensions has created a major shift in the development of strategies by the government around the world to meet the new challenges. In 2010, the Canadia n government has published â€Å"Canada s cyber security strategy: For a stronger and more prosperous Canada†, a strategic platform to secure the Canadian cyberspace. However, although embracing cyber technology and obtain considerable advantages from it, the Canadian cyber security strategy does notRead MorePolicing Cybercrime : Police And Armed Forces1174 Words   |  5 PagesChapter Three Policing Cybercrime Strategy 3.1 Police and Armed Forces. In this chapter, the policing cyber strategy is discussed and will show that the unique organisational structure of the UK police force means that policing cyber strategy varies from county to county in the UK; although each regional force operated with the same objective. Within the UK strategy is the criminalisation of certain cyber activity . with Cyber Security Strategies containing elements of cybercrime control, therefore aRead MoreThe Cyberspace Will Affect National Security Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pagescommunication were able to grow and flourish, however with these gains seen came with it the weakening of the once secure national strength seen in nations. In the last two decades cyberspace has been defined as the fifth battleground’ for international relations, with the aspects of cyber war, cyber terrorism, and cybercrime as some of the largest threats to the security of the national and international community. (Popović, 2013) With this ‘fifth battlegr ound’ of the cyberspace thrown into the internationalRead MoreTerrorism And Non State Violent Groups1726 Words   |  7 Pagescritical national security threats confronting the U.S. The three most critical national security threats confronting the U.S. over the next five years include the following: terrorism and non-state violent groups, cybercrime, and climate change. While some of these threats present different challenges and ramifications, I believe that within the next five years, foreign-hatched and homegrown terror attacks on the U.S. homeland will remain the most——as it is currently—— imminent threats to U.S. nationalRead MoreDefence Policy And Military Strategy1134 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategies. For the military, an overhaul of the whole concept of Defence has gradually changed as cyber security is streamlined into defence policy coupled with economic influence and globalisation. ‘In the military, information and intelligence operations, routine administrative functions, and a wide array of everyday jobs have been increasingly developed and transformed with the support of interconnected electro-electronic devicesâ €™ . Defence policy and military strategy go hand in hand and DefenceRead MoreCybercrime Has Become One Of The Most Threatening Issues1221 Words   |  5 PagesCybercrime has become one of the most threatening issues not only for the security of the United States (U.S.) but for the security of the entire world. The Recent massive attack which targeted around 300,000 machines in 150 countries proved that the world is not prepared to confront such threat. This type of asymmetric threat demands a more comprehensive approach since it cannot be addressed with the conventional assets the U.S. possesses to counter its traditional aggressors. Cybercrime requiresRead MoreThe 2016 Olympic Games1576 Words   |  7 Pagesand Rio de Janeiro s State public security forces will implement a combined security strategy with the support of roughly 85,000 private and public security specialists. The United States is aiding the work effort with the Brazilian intelligence agencies, according to a report from NBC News. Furthermore, the deterring operations of street crime and urban violence the government will need to have the support of its integrated anti-terrorism centre and its security operations. During the OlympicRead MoreImpact Of Cybercrime Today : Government And Private Industry Through Information Sharing Methods1354 Words   |  6 PagesImpacts to cybercrime today is forcing government and security agencies to place focus on cybersecurity within government, private, and public sectors. In 2015, the administration intends to pass legislation to strengthen cybersecurity across the U.S. government and private industry through information sharing methods. Contradictory controversy exists whether the government may dictate how the private industry should carry out their cybersecurity, if so, is it effective? Over the last severalRead MoreCyber Defense Concerns On Global Security983 Words   |  4 PagesCyber Defense Concerns in Global Security The cyber domain crosses both physical and logical borders across the globe. No longer is every aspect of a domain clearly part of a single nation. Occurrences within cyberspace has far reaching effects. 15 million T-Mobile customer’s data stolen via Experian server compromise, massive cyberattacks on Estonia and Georgia networks (2007 and 2008 respectively), and over $1 trillion reportedly lost due to cybercrime. These are just a few concerns facing

Modern Day Slavery A Problem That Can t Be Ignored

Modern-day slavery: A problem that can’t be ignored. Child slavery ages starts at the age of four years old boys and girls. Most kids are released around the age of sixteen years old but don t know where their parents are. The kids suffer from starvation at the camps they’re housed in. They also have to get up as early as five o’clock in the morning to start their day. One of the dominant issues containing child slavery is poverty. Several parents sell their children because of their financial problems in the household. Although some parents are convinced by contractors that their children are being presented with better opportunities, that is not always the situation. Child slavery can have different negative developmental†¦show more content†¦The authors also states that children often receive no safety training or protective gear, which results in injury and sickness, including musculoskeletal disorders, sprains, strains, lacerations, fractures, e ye injuries, rashes, and coughing (Mull and Kirkhorn). For children working in the gold mining industry in Western Africa, they are among the worst forms of child labor because of the long-term health consequences from constant exposure to dust, toxic chemicals, and heavy manual labor. A PBS news article states, â€Å" The list of documented ills for child labor in Western Africa includes permanent lung damage caused by inhaling pulverized minerals, muscular and skeletal injuries, hearing loss, accidental blinding, and mercury poisoning with its attendant neurological damage (PBS News). In western Africa while the children are at their work base there’s a possibility of catching permanent lung cancer from inhaling in pulverized minerals. Children health can’t be ignored any longer than it already has been. The next major problem is the physical and psychological effects the children have. Physical injuries and mutilations are caused by badly maintained machinery on farms and in factories, machete accidents in pla ntations, and any number of hazards encountered in industries such as mining, ceramics, fireworks and manufactures. Child slavery they all generally accept that the work for children might harm them in some way and

A good and simple example is given by Fromlet Free Essays

One fundamental notion in the finance and economic fields with regards to decision making has always been based on the underlying assumption that individuals or decision making agents are rational and objective. However, in many cases, rationalistic explanations have failed to answer major financial occurrences in the past. A good and simple example is given by Fromlet (2001), In 2001 the Swedish currency – the crown- was seriously undervalued in the foreign exchange market despite the fact that Swedish economy enjoyed a good economic growth record, had the lowest inflation rate among the 12 European Monetary union members, surplus government budget and a good, positive balance of payment position. We will write a custom essay sample on A good and simple example is given by Fromlet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus in this case all the rationalistic theories could not adequately explain the weakening of the crown given the fact that all economic indicators showed that it should be stronger. According to many theorists, even though realism cannot be attained, a good theoretical model should include mechanisms that help in relaxing as much assumptions as possible to attain a near realistic empirically based theory. Most of the traditional and neoclassical financial theory such as the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and expected utility theory (EUT) are based on the unrealistic assumptions that can be explained as: †¢ Representative agents and players in the financial market are rational therefore base their decisions with the objective of maximizing wealth therefore asset pricing reflect the real value of the asset at any particular time (Thaler, 1999). †¢ The market given time will settle on an equilibrium point and that the equilibrium price reflects the real value of the asset that can rationally be explained using traditional theories (Ideal or rationally explained equilibrium) (Thaler, 1999). Behavioral finance is a relatively new field of study that has made tremendous progress in the attempt to answer these unrealistic assumptions and offer an alternative explanation of the financial market. Behavioral finance holds that the market is unrealistic due to the human element; therefore, in evaluation of financial market decision making and market condition, financial theories should recognize the role of human behavior in financial assets price determination. The composition of financial investors is diverse from fathers and mothers, household, spouses, students, businessmen, government leaders etc. are all decision makers in the financial market thus the assumption of rationality as provided by these theories is unrealistic (Ritter, 2003). These paper is an in depth evaluation of the behavioral theory and its application in the financial market. The paper will look at the strength and weaknesses of behavioral finance in an attempt to show its applicability as a tool in the financial market. Definition and description of behavioral finance. Behavioral finance is an empirically based theory, Behavioral finance theorists argue that to understand the performance and decision making in market, it important to integrate psychological and behavioral variables and classical financial theories in decision making and market atmosphere. According to this theory, the market is sometimes information inefficient and participants do not often make decision rationally. Behavioral finance uses to main concepts namely cognitive psychology and limits to arbitrage. Cognitive psychology as applied in behavioral finance focuses on behavioral factors influencing investor’s decision making or how people think; it postulates that investors make systematic errors in the manner they think and this contributes to irrationality in decision making. For instance, some investors might be overconfident and end up loosing due making investment decision based on this behavioral trait. This cognitive biases lead to irrational decision and can explain the weaknesses of classical financial theories with regards to why the market fails to attain equilibrium or conceptual expectation of rational investor decision in the financial market. (Ritter, 2003). Cognitive biases. Cognitive psychologists hold that there several cognitive biases that affect investor’s decisions in the market, as mentioned this biases lead investors to make systematic errors hence explaining irrationality in the financial market. This paper will highlight the cognitive biases by combining some of the documented behavioral patterns in arguing the case and behavior finance model case in the financial market it should be noted that psychological patterns and behavior categories as presented are interlinked to the extent that an individual can make decisions due to several behavioral patterns (Fromlet, 2001): 1/n Heuristics or rule of thumb. Heuristics or the rule of thumb is one common behavioral technique applied in decision making. According to the definition (as quoted in Fromlet, 2001), â€Å" heuristic means ‘use of experience and practical efforts to answer questions or to improve performance. † Heuristics mean fast, selective interpretation of information, determined to a high extent by intuition–taking into account that the conclusions may not give the desired results because of the velocity and/or the incompleteness in the decision-making. † This technique makes it easier for investor’s since information in the market usually spreads faster, changes often and has become more complicated to interpret. Therefore, given various options many investors use the 1/n rule by spreading their funds equally or proportionately on the available options since it is easier than choosing the rational option based on the information hence introducing irrationality in the market in terms of decision making. A good example is if in a given financial market six different economic indicators are published, economists and investors have to assimilate and use the information as fast as they can to take advantage of the market, some result to heuristic approach. This sometimes leads to suboptimal results and explains the difference between the ideal classical financial market of a rational investor and the real world. (Fromlet, 2001 and Ritter, 2003). Thaler (1999), argue that from empirical evidence collected in their research most individuals investing for retirement have little or no knowledge of the financial market hence uses the rule of thumb or 1/n heuristic approach to make decisions on where to put there retirement savings. Overconfidence and preference for certain information. Another pattern that manifests itself and lead to irrationality in decision making in the financial market is overconfidence. Ritter (2003), notes that entrepreneurs tend to be overconfident and hence invest too much in stocks or options that they are familiar with. This can be termed as an irrational tendency to the extent that it leads overconfident entrepreneurs tend to limit their options by not diversifying their portfolio hence irrational since they tie up their assets (for example real estates) to the company they are familiar with partly due to the fact that they would feel in control of local familiar stocks compared to high returns stocks that are outside their control, this is referred to as control illusions. A good example world over is the fact that most workers tend to invest too much in the company they work for and this has led to loss of entire savings to many of the companies in the event of insolvency (see Ritter, 2003 pg. 434 for examples). Furthermore, it was noted that generally, men are more overconfident than women and this behavior extends to investment decisions. It was found out in a research by Bernard and Odeon (2001 as quoted in Ritter 2003) that the more men on average perform worse than women and this is partly attributed to the fact that they are overconfident than women. How to cite A good and simple example is given by Fromlet, Papers

Infestation Essays - Point Pleasant Park, Beetle, Spruce

Infestation A little bug is causing a big debate amongst government officials and citizens in the Halifax municipality. The little pest in particular is known as the brown spruce longhorn beetle, and this beetle, native to Europe and believed to have arrived on a container ship about a decade ago, is threatening to ruin Halifax's largest and busiest park, and could have the potential to ruin all of Nova Scotia's, and even Canada's, vast forest is action is not taken. In order to hault the infestation, the Federal Court has given the Canadian Food Inspection Agency permission to cut down as many as 10 000 red spruce trees, many of which are not yet infested at all. Environmental activists such as the Coalition known as Friends of Point Pleasant Park, greatly oppose this idea, and have raised the issue of scientific uncertainty. The question of scientific uncertainty is a predominant issue in the fierce debate towards the cutting. In particular, even though the beetle may have arrived as much as a decade ago, it's harmful effects have only been recognized recently. There simply has not been enough research done to see if the beetle is a problem or if cutting down a whole park is the way to solve it. There is no guarantee that the beetle will cause that much harm or destruction. Sure, scientists would like to better understand the situation, which would require long term studies, but these studies are impractical and almost impossible to perform. We simply can not wait a year to see the effects (if any) the longhorn beetle has, because as with any infestations, humans find it difficult to sit on their hands and watch: especially when a major natural resource, such as trees, is involved. Another scientific uncertainty is that nature is diverse, and understanding is always tentative. Since Point Pleasant Park is isolated in its location by being surrounded by water on three sides and the city on the fourth, it is unlike almost all other forests in the nearby area. Perhaps stronger trees in the wild are better able to cope with the beetle, and also the fact the forest contains more beetle predators, like woodpeckers and other birds, unlike the unique conditions that prevail in the park. An additional scientific uncertainty lies in the fact that the scientists analyzing the park's situation all work for the government, meaning they are going to say what the government wants to do. Many scientists outside the government claim that there is no proof the beetle is the serious threat to the park's red spruce that authorities claim, and that the prevention measures are futile. Besides the high level of scientific uncertainty, other factors that are going to influence the outcome to this conflict can be found on economic, environmental, and political levels. Economically, the federal government would be wasting an incredible amount of money in cutting down 10 000 trees, an amount that many people argue could be better spent in other areas such as healthcare. Also, once the trees are cut down, who is going to finance the planting of new trees? This question has yet to be answered. Environmentally, how will the loss of 10 000 red spruce trees affect other plants and animals in the park? The cutting has the potential to cause a chain-reaction effect, as animal's habitats would be altered immensely. Politically, the impact of cutting will affect everybody who lives near the park or visits it. With cutting down 10 000 trees, there will be a lack of privacy for houses located on the fringes of the park, as before, they provided a year-round natural barrier from busy sections of the park. The park would loose much of it's beauty if the trees were cut, and this one-time sanctuary would be turned into an inhospitable grasslands. Obviously, additional research will solve this problem of scientific uncertainty, yet, as some scientists have stated, this small bug has the potential to ruin one of Canada's largest natural resources, so it is unlikely that long-term research will be performed. The decision to cut may not be a popular choice by activists, yet this little bug could put the province's billion dollar forest industry, and possibly Canada's, in jeporady. Geography